viewtopic.php?f=2&p=3433#p3433
Most of today's science and scientific journals fall under the category of pseudoscience. COVID clearly confirmed this. However, calorie restriction is not the only therapy that extends life. The reasoning behind calorie restriction is simple. When you eat less you put fewer toxins in your system. I forgot the study that I read that illustrated food that was completely free of any toxins and the mice lived just as long as the calorie-restricted mice.Triplethought wrote: ↑Tue Jul 27, 2021 12:21 am ]
SOL - In the U.S. anything that is "all natural", "herbal", homeopathic generally don't have restrictions. Of course, as I expressed before I think 99.999% of such products are complete "snake oil" without double blind science to back them up so I could never make a living in them. I am curious about NAD+ but I suspect that is also snake oil.
SOL - the only thing I know that scientists consider credible in terms of extending life is to limit calorie intake. Even exercise has not really been proven to extend life (not scientifically with absolute certainty last I checked).
Additionally for example Metformin has been shown to mimic the effects of those on a calorie-restricted diet.
Logically speaking the way to extend life is to keep the inflammation markers down. i doubt a long term study will be done on this, but if you were to stay on a diet that kept most inflammatory agents under control, it would definitely produce a life-extension benefit.
For the record life extension and good health so as to speak are hobbies or areas of interest and I spend a lot of time researching the topic. In the beginning I would spend up to 45 hours a week on research but that was years ago when i was just getting started
Drugs that could extend life span
One of the most promising groups of drugs is based on a compound called rapamycin. It was first used to suppress the immune system in organ transplant recipients, then later found to extend lifespan in yeast and worms. In 2009, mice were added to the list when the drug was found to lengthen the animals’ lives by up to 14 per cent, even though they were started on the drug at 600 days old, the human equivalent of being about 60.
They gave 218 people a six-week course of everolimus, followed by a regular flu vaccine after a two-week gap. Compared with those given a placebo, everolimus improved participants’ immune response – as measured by the levels of antibodies in their blood – by more than 20 per cent, to two out of the three vaccine strains tested.
Of the three everolimus doses tested, the highest caused fatigue and mouth ulcers, while two lower doses had no apparent ill effects. Previous experiments in mice with rapamycin suggest this class of drug acts by inhibiting a protein called mTOR. mTOR also seems to be affected by calorie restriction – the strategy of trying to live longer by eating less
There have been no trials of metformin as a longevity drug in people, but a recent study hinted that it might have a similar effect. The study was designed to compare metformin with another diabetes medicine, using records of 180,000 UK patients. To tease out the differences between the drugs, people who started taking them were compared with people without diabetes who had been closely matched for age and other health factors, and tracked over five years.
Surprisingly, diabetics taking metformin were not only less likely to die in that time than those on the other medicine but they were also about 15 per cent less likely to die than people without diabetes who took neither drug. “This shows we already have a drug that we can potentially use in humans,” says Nir Barzilai, who heads the Institute for Aging Research at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York.
https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg ... s-of-life/
n mice, disruption of the angiotensin II receptor increases lifespan. Not only that, but the increase is large, as large as that caused by insulin receptor disruption. See chart below.
Knocking-out AT1A prolongs life span in the mouse. A Kaplan-Meier an...
The average lifespan of normal mice was 24 months, that of genetically disrupted angiotensin receptor knockout mice was 31 months, about a 26% increase. When all the wild-type animals had died, 85% of the knockout mice were still alive. Body weights and physical activity between the two groups were the same, so this was not an artifact of reduced food intake, i.e. calorie restriction. (Many life-extension treatments appear to work by inducing lower food intake.)
However, another study found that long-term angiotensin inhibition resulted in less fat tissue.
In rats, long-term angiotensin blockade exerts “a significant protective effect on the function and structure of the cardiovascular system in all treated animals.” Of interest, the animals were divided into 3 groups: control (no treatment), a group treated with an ACE inhibitor, and a group treated with an AR blocker. There was no difference between the 2 treatments, which “clearly indicates that most of the effects are exerted through AT1 receptors. An outstanding finding was the significant and similar prolongation of life span in both groups of treated animals compared with untreated control animals.” The average survival of the control group was 735 days, while the two treatment groups lived 892 and 877 days, respectively, a large effect.
So, can you get all the effects of calorie restriction just by inhibiting the angiotensin system? Could be, yes.
“…both animal and human evidence show that RAS blockade can prevent age-related structural and functional alterations in several organs, progression to the metabolic syndrome, the development of diabetes, hypertension and some of its consequences, cardiovascular changes, and cerebral and cognitive impairments. The latter conditions act as surrogate markers of the ageing process, and at the same time, they accelerate age-related structural and functional decay in various tissues.”
https://roguehealthandfitness.com/blood ... -lifespan/
How does RTB101 circumvent aging? We've arrived at the part of the story that reads like a scientific detective novel — a tale with some remarkable thrills and chills.
Drugs like RTB101 work by inhibiting an enzyme in the mTOR pathway, a basic process that regulates growth and metabolism in cells. As we get older, part of this pathway, TORC1, seems to rev up a bit. That's bad. “More TORC1 activity seems to be associated with age-related health problems,” Mannick says. The drugs throttle it back. “It works the same way calorie restriction and intermittent fasting work. In aging studies in animals, cutting back on calories increases life span. But that's difficult for people to do for decades. Inhibiting TORC1 this way seems to do the same thing, without the dieting."
Scientists discovered mTOR while studying rapamycin, a drug that is used today to prevent rejection in some organ transplants and cancer. In fact, mTOR is short for “mammalian target of rapamycin.” But rapamycin almost landed in a pharmaceutical-company trash can in the 1980s.
Along the way, scientists realized rapamycin “didn't really look like any other drug,” one researcher recalled. “Its pattern of activity was unique.” One weird trick: This Easter Island ooze made fruit flies, worms and yeast cells live longer.
"We are rigorous about making sure the conditions are exactly the same at all three labs: the same food, the same water, the same lab temperatures, the same training for lab technicians,” Miller says. “The doors are kept locked; only people working on the study can enter. The goal is to be sure mouse longevity-study results are reproducible. So often in the past, an exciting study in one lab could never be repeated anywhere else. We're also notable because we publish all of our results, whether a compound extends longevity or not.” So far, only a few compounds have shown promise — with rapamycin the strongest.
https://www.aarp.org/health/drugs-suppl ... aging.html
RTB101, an investigational therapy being developed to treat Parkinson’s disease, is well-tolerated, can cross the blood-brain barrier, and reaches potentially therapeutic concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), according to interim results of a Phase 1b/2a study.
Developed by resTORbio, RTB101 is an orally-administered compound meant to induce autophagy in neuronal cells by inhibiting a protein called target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1).
Autophagy is the process by which cells clear away defective and unnecessary components, such as toxic misfolded protein aggregates. This process is vital to cellular health and survival, and defective autophagy is thought to contribute to the progression of Parkinson’s disease.
A key clinical finding in Parkinson’s is the presence of protein aggregates called Lewy bodies in dead and dying nerve cells.
Multiple preclinical models have shown that TORC1 inhibition alleviates the symptoms of neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson’s.
“Preclinical data suggest that induction of autophagy has the potential to slow the progression not only of Parkinson’s disease but also of multiple other neurodegenerative diseases that are characterized by the accumulation of toxic protein aggregates in cells such as Huntington’s and Alzheimer’s disease,” Joan Mannick, MD, co-founder and chief medical officer of resTORbio, said in a press release.
To date, three separate treatment cohorts in the trial have shown evidence that RTB101 reaches concentrations that inhibited TORC1 activity and induced autophagy in neuronal cells in preclinical models.
https://parkinsonsnewstoday.com/2020/02 ... m-results/
We tested about 20 medications for the ability to extend life span in C elegans.4 We chose drugs with a variety of structures and indications for use in human beings. Most of these drugs previously had not been proposed to affect aging. For example, we selected 1 benzodiazepine (flurazepam dihydrochloride), 1 diuretic (furosemide), 2 glucocorticoids (prednisone and betamethasone 17-valerate), 1 phenothiazine derivative (fluphenazine dihydrochloride), and 2 gonadal hormones or inhibitors (β-estradiol and mifepristone).
For each drug, we typically analyzed about 50 worms for each of 3 concentrations. Caenorhabditis elegans were cultured on Petri dishes containing nutrient agar and bacteria for food, and medications were added to the agar so the worms would ingest the drug. Worms were cultured with the drug for their entire lives, from conception until death. Most of the drugs had no effect on life span or caused substantial shortening of life span at the highest dosage, demonstrating the specificity of this assay.
Ethosuximide caused a significant increase in C elegans life span, extending mean adult life span from 16.7 days to 19.6 days, a 17% increase (Figure 1A and B). Furthermore, it delayed several age-related degenerative changes.4 Compared with untreated control worms, worms treated with ethosuximide exhibited persistence of 2 neuromuscular activities: pharyngeal pumping and the well-coordinated sinusoidal body movement characteristic of youth. In addition, we recently observed that ethosuximide can delay age-related degeneration of reproductive function, a physiologic function of nonneuronal cells (S. Hughes, PhD, and K.K., unpublished data).
Ethosuximide is a small heterocyclic ring compound that prevents absence seizures in human beings11 (Figure 1A). We hypothesized that the anticonvulsant activity in human beings and the life span extension activity in worms might have a similar mechanism. To investigate this possibility, we tested several compounds with structural and functional similarities to ethosuximide for the ability to extend life span in C elegans. Trimethadione and 3,3-diethyl-2-pyrrolidinone have structures similar to that of ethosuximide, and both compounds have anticonvulsant activity in vertebrates11,12 (Figure 1A). These drugs caused a significant extension of mean and maximum life span (Figure 1C and D). Succinimide, similar in structure but lacking anticonvulsant activity in vertebrates, did not extend life span in C elegans (Figure 1E). These correlations between anticonvulsant activity and life span–extending activity suggest that ethosuximide, trimethadione, and 3,3-diethyl-2-pyrrolidinone extend life span by means of a similar mechanism that may be rela
Ethosuximide and trimethadione treatments have potent effects on the human central nervous system. In C elegans, ethosuximide and trimethadione modified several neuromuscular behaviors in young adults. These drugs caused hyperactive locomotion and stimulated egg laying.4 These drugs also increased the sensitivity of young adult worms to an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, which suggests that they affect synaptic transmission. The ability of these AEDs to modify C elegans neural activity has 2 important implications. First, it provides further evidence for the hypothesis that the life span extension in worms and the anticonvulsant activity in human beings have a similar mechanism. Second, it suggests that the drugs extend life span by altering neural activity, which indicates that neural activity controls aging and life span. We discuss this intriguing idea in the final section of this article.
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamane ... cle/790945
DILANTIN
Dilantin (phenytoin or diphenylhydantoin) is an age-retarding therapy that has received alot of press over the years mainly due to the work of Jack Dreyfus, the founder of the Dreyfus Mutual Funds. Dreyfus had long suffered from severe depression, which Dilantin cured so successfully that Dreyfus created a medical foundation in order to tell the world about its many benefits.
FDA approval exists only for its use as a treatment for epilepsy.
Dilantin presumably works by its ability to stabilize electrical activity in cell membranes. Because of this some of the benefits of Dilantin are:
* Greater learning ability
* Decreased aggression
* Enhanced long term memory
* Increased Intelligence
* Improved verbal performance
https://sites.google.com/site/lifeexten ... t/dilantin